Basically, I want to talk about the image of fairy tales and
how they’re marketed to the public.
Now, gendering in general is a big issue, in particular when
it comes to things that are usually aimed at children. It’s so big that Shannon Hale (award-winning
author of The Goose Girl and the Princess Academy books) has seemingly
been waging a one-woman war against gendering children’s literature on social
media for the better part of a year at least.
Now, I’m going to get down to brass tacks here. Despite the fact that maybe 50% of the tales
in your average copy of Grimm’s Fairy
Tales have male protagonists, it’s largely the stories with female
protagonists that get remembered these days.
There’s nothing wrong with that. The old wonder tales often did have more of a
connection to women long ago because it was the mothers and grandmothers who
were often the storytellers in the household.
The issue is that those who use fairy tales for their own
purposes, namely those who market them for toys and storybooks tend to really push that association. Everything starts to revolve around gowns and
princesses and romance. The color
palette also takes a decided shift toward soft pinks and purples (an interestingly
modern note, seeing as before the 20th century pink was considered
more aggressive and masculine and blue was considered more placid and
feminine. These associations change over
time).
So, in our world of gendered marketing, the breadth of
European fairy tales that have made it into our common culture tend to be
branded as “for girls”. Mind you, with
our modern mindset towards these things, I’m sure some girls get tired of the
“pretty pink princess” thing too, but the association still stands. I recall when I was very young I wasn’t much
of a fan of fairy tales with one exception.
To me, “Jack and the Beanstalk” was the one acceptable tale to
like. That’s because while the other
popular tales often seemed geared towards romance, Jack’s tale seemed like more
of an adventure story to me. It was also
a decidedly “active” tale, what with all the climbing, stealing and
ax-swinging. At the time, most other
tales with male leads like “Tom Thumb” and “The Brave Little Tailor” were only
known to me by title and their stories were still obscure. Also, the Arabian
Nights were still a mystery to me. It
wasn’t until years later and a kindled interest in American legends and ancient
myths that my interest turned to fairy tales and I was able to see past all the
pink-washed marketing efforts.
I mentioned the Arabian
Nights a moment ago and I think they’re worth mentioning again for how they
represent the opposite side of the gender-marketing double edged sword. Since the days of The Thief of Baghdad, the Arabian
Nights have been marketed more as adventure stories by the culture
industry. If Hollywood were to be
believed, the Nights were constantly
filled with adventure and daring sword fights with bandits and villains. In short, they were marketed as something for
a stereotypically male audience (note to female readers: stereotypes do not
necessarily depict the truth. I know
some of you love rip-roaring adventures too).
The truth is that the Arabian
Nights have a great variety of stories in them. So, why do they get marketed this way? Well, it’s probably because the three most
famous character names in the Arabian
Nights, Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sindbad, are all male (though, arguably, the
bravest character in all the Arabian
Nights is Sheherazad).
Marina Warner actually touches on the disparity in her book Once Upon a Time: A short history of fairy
tale. In chapter 6 of her book, “On
the Couch”, she focuses on the psychological approach to fairy tales. However, in one section she states how common
it is to psychoanalyze the stories for their approach to femaleness and femininity
while very few people have analyzed the various hero stories for their approach
to masculinity. The one exception she brings
up is Robert Bly’s Iron John: A Book about Men in which the writer used the story of “Iron Hans” as the basis for
a new approach to manliness. There are
numerous reasons why psychologists chose to steer away from the hero
stories. One of which is that fate and
chance always seem to play a part in hero stories and chance is hard to
analyze.
So, I may have digressed into psychology just a little
bit. Anyway, why is it important to
think about how these tales are promoted and the broad strokes they’re brushed
with? Well, first of all, because there
is very little to no reason to gender-market these stories to different
demographics. Despite what I would have
told you when I was 6, European fairy tales are not about “princesses and
kissing”. Just like how the Arabian Nights are not about “sword
fights and desert bandits”. In my adult
experience, fairy tales are most often about the transformations in a
character’s life, moving from poor to rich or servant to royalty. It’s a practice that strives to exclude more
than it strives to include. The other
reason is because it gives people sometimes simplified notions of how the other
gender is depicted in the stories, and sometimes that’s not for the best.
This brings us to the subject of Prince Charming.
Near as I can tell, the name Prince Charming stems originally from a character named Charming in Catherine D’Aulnoy’s story “Lovely Goldilocks”. The name has then been taken and applied to any prince appearing in otherwise female-dominated stories like “Cinderella”, “Snow White” and “Sleeping Beauty”. These princes are generally bit parts endowed with some deus ex machina ability and are generally just a reward for the much-suffering princess. However, he’s also become most people’s vision of a male fairy tale lead. As such, while people focused more on the princesses and changing those roles, the Prince Charming character has devolved into parody in the media. In Into the Woods, there are two princes who are more interested and capable in chasing and rescuing damsels than what comes after. In Shrek 2, he’s a vainglorious fop. And in Fables, he’s a cad incapable of real romantic love. So, why has this happened? Well, I’m reminded of a scene in Disney’s Enchanted in which Prince Edward sits in front of a television asking it questions and asks “Tell me Magic Mirror, why is everything so difficult here?” That’s the image we have of the fairy tale prince right now. A character that used to be seen as an idealized knight errant and romantic ideal in less modern times is now seen as a character for whom everything is usually easy. The female lead suffers from abusive step-families, curses and murderous huntsmen, but the male lead can waltz in and kiss a sleeping girl and his job is done. He has the world on a platter. For many, this is people’s vision of the male lead in the fairy tale. However, that doesn’t mean it’s the best vision.
There are two Charming movies in the works. One is a live action movie from Disney. The other is an animated musical comedy from
the people who made Shrek. I don’t know much about them yet, but I’m
betting on one or both of them being parodies.
I think before we can move forward in giving fairy tale fiction good
male leads who are not Jack, the culture needs to get its head straight about
its relationship with male leads in European fairy tales. And before we can get things straight about
male leads in European fairy tales and female leads in the Arabian Nights, the culture has to get its head right about gender
marketing fairy tales in general. After
that, with luck and some magic, maybe things can become a little more balanced.
I annoys me SO MUCH when I see fairy tale things aimed at girls only - you're so right, not all fairytales are princesses and kissing! In fact, very few of them are. There seems to be a huge difference between how fairy tales actually are, and how they are perceived. People talk about 'fairy tale weddings' and 'fairy tale prom dresses,' meaning pretty-pretty idealistic things that have no bearing to the stories themselves. Fairy tales contain princesses. Therefore, they must be pink and pretty. And when girls grow up, they must retain that pink-and-pretty style.
ReplyDeleteI've worked in a gift shop for around 7 years, and the things we sell with children's names on, like door plaques or pens, actually disgust me. All the boy's ones are blue and have footballs/dinosaurs/pirates/astronauts etc on them, and all the girl's ones are pink and have fairies/princesses/unicorns/puppies on them. I know they're only small things, but if you grow up only about to buy stuff/being given stuff in those particular colours with those particular things on, psychologically it must have an effect. If you're a girl, you come to expect princesses etc. on everything, because they're 'for girls.' If you're a boy, you come to expect football etc. because they're 'for boys.' One time, we got a stand with just dinosaur flannels and money boxes on it. Which on the surface seems great, now girls can have dinosaurs too, finally! But then even the dinosaurs with girl's names on were pink. Giving them dinosaurs is one thing, but changing the colour? No. They're still girls, so it still must be pink. Ridiculous.
As for princes, I found it very interesting how in Into the Woods the prince wasn't good at being a husband. He shows up, does his 'charming' bit, and then he's assumed to be the perfect guy because he's so handsome and well, charming. But there's more to relationships than that. And in traditional fairy tales, some princes do a heck of a lot more. Look at The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood - the couple take time to get to know one another, and ultimately the prince saves his wife from his evil ogre of a mother. That shows devotion, and a willingness to sacrifice things for his relationship.
"People talk about 'fairy tale weddings' and 'fairy tale prom dresses,' meaning pretty-pretty idealistic things that have no bearing to the stories themselves."
DeleteOne of my favourite quotes concerning fairytales is by German columnist Max Goldt. It really shows how the perception of fairytales has changed over time. I'll try my best to translate:
"Vacation Like a Fairytale? What's that supposed to mean? Living in a small hut in the forest, spending all day chopping wood and getting nothing for dinner but stale bread and poisoned apples?"
YES that is a brilliant quote! Perfectly captures what I was trying to say!
DeleteSomehow, "fairy tale" has replaced the word "fantasy" in certain contexts. They should be saying "fantasy vacation, fantasy weddings, etc". In other words, they should be what you fantasized about come true.
DeleteI'm also reminded of when heartbreak songs about how fairy tales are bogus or whatever. I'm like "How do you know you're at the end? The good part only happens at the end. Life kind of sucks at the beginning and middle parts".
SO MANY GOOD THINGS you have written here!! I haven't thought to compare Arabian Nights and their perception of being adventurous/for boys to Western tales, but that's very true (although our common knowledge of the Arabian Nights tales themselves is waning rapidly, I think all most people could tell you about is Disney's Aladdin these days).
ReplyDeleteAlso I love what you say about fairy tales being primarily about *transformations* in each character, whether male or female. SO TRUE.
And I've never been super bothered by the marketing of girls' products...I like pink, I like all colors. But today, despite the marketing of the toy aisles, it's totally acceptable for girls to like sports or dinosaurs, and even among girls there's a perception that Princesses are something for "little" girls that you grow out of. I think one of the main problems in gender equality today, is that while girls can wear pants and be tomboys, boys are mocked if they like ballet, pink, sparkles, or anything traditionally female. We've worked so hard to establish that girls can do the things guys can, what about telling boys it's okay to do the things girls can?
I read a quote somewhere about how people are brave enough now to raise their daughters like sons and not brave enough to raise their sons like daughters. Not sure who the quote was from.
DeleteAnyway, much of this comes down to perception. As a man who recently got turned onto the ballet, it was largely through my love of stories. That's how I see it now: a unique visual way to tell a story. One that incidentally requires as much physicality from its performers as any sport.
That seems like a very true quote!
DeleteAnd yes, like with anything it all depends on how you perceive it. Ballet intrigues me as a form of storytelling because it's so physical and expressive, and you don't get that level of emotion with other forms. Sometimes too many words can be overkill.